Da remiziramo...

michaellcmacha wrote:krele naporan si...

1.945 novih slučajeva u protekla 24 sata, u bolnicama ukupno 1.827 osoba

michaellcmacha wrote:https://www.index.hr/mobile/clanak.aspx?category=magazin&id=2230756

Noor wrote:

michaellcmacha wrote:https://www.index.hr/mobile/clanak.aspx?category=magazin&id=2230756

putevima krda

mutava baštarda wrote:

Noor wrote:

michaellcmacha wrote:https://www.index.hr/mobile/clanak.aspx?category=magazin&id=2230756

putevima krda

meni pušača nije žao. na kutiji duvana sve lijepo piše

mutava baštarda wrote:

Noor wrote:

michaellcmacha wrote:https://www.index.hr/mobile/clanak.aspx?category=magazin&id=2230756

putevima krda

meni pušača nije žao. na kutiji duvana sve lijepo piše

mutava baštarda wrote:
meni pušača nije žao. na kutiji duvana sve lijepo piše

vuksadinare wrote:u srbiji 5000 zarazenih ili tocnije 4.994 i 24 umrla

vuksadinare wrote:u srbiji 5000 zarazenih ili tocnije 4.994 i 24 umrla

Eroo wrote:

vuksadinare wrote:u srbiji 5000 zarazenih ili tocnije 4.994 i 24 umrla

Kasne. Lova u EU je već podijeljena.
Viš šta ti znači imati pravovremeno pravu  informaciju.

Gnječ wrote:

mutava baštarda wrote:

Noor wrote:

michaellcmacha wrote:https://www.index.hr/mobile/clanak.aspx?category=magazin&id=2230756

putevima krda

meni pušača nije žao. na kutiji duvana sve lijepo piše

stara kineska poslovica kaže: bolje biti malo lud nego malo pametan.

što to znači? oni malo pametni su ekstremno opasniji nego oni koji su malo ludi.

Current smoking is not associated with COVID-19

European Respiratory Journal 2020 55: 2001290; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01290-2020


Despite the main complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection regard lung involvement, the prevalence of current smoking in COVID-19 patients is very low, thus questioning the role of coexisting active smoking as a risk factor for COVID-19 pneumonia

We have read with interest the paper by Leung et al. [1] recently published in the European Respiratory Journal, reporting a higher expression of the protein angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE-2) in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients with putatively important implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, since ACE-2 has been shown to be the receptor utilised by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to enter the host cell [2]. Furthermore, the authors reported that current smokers showed a higher expression of ACE-2 gene expression than non-smokers, concluding that the increased ACE-2 expression in smokers might predispose to increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection [1].

To this regard, all epidemiological data published so far reported that COVID-19 patients show a very low prevalence of smokers, with no significant association between current smoking and severe disease in COVID-19 patients [3–6].

At the University-Hospital of Padova, located in the Veneto Region, one of the areas in Italy most affected by COVID-19, between 15 March and 10 April, 2020, 132 patients were assessed in our clinic for SARS-CoV-2 related pneumonia. The analysis of patients' smoking history showed that no-one was a current smoker, with 112 patients (84.8%) who had never smoked and 20 (15.2%) who were former smokers. These data are in agreement with those from China [3–6]. Furthermore, there was no difference in the disease severity between patients who never smoked and former smokers. These data are even more striking if we consider that the percentage of current smokers in Italy and in the Veneto Region is 25.7% and 22.7%, respectively (www.epicentro.iss.it/passi/dati/fumo).

Thus, the conclusions of Leung et al. [1] to consider cigarette smoking as a severe risk factor for COVID-19 pneumonia are in contrast with the strong and consolidated epidemiological data coming from China [3–6] that have been confirmed also in our patients.

https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/55/6/2001290#ref-1

dakle, pušači duhana iz nekog još uvijek nepoznatog razloga u manjem broju završe na respiratoru nego oni covid pacijenti koji nikad nisu konzumirali duhan.

mutava baštarda wrote:

Gnječ wrote:

mutava baštarda wrote:

Noor wrote:

michaellcmacha wrote:https://www.index.hr/mobile/clanak.aspx?category=magazin&id=2230756

putevima krda

meni pušača nije žao. na kutiji duvana sve lijepo piše

stara kineska poslovica kaže: bolje biti malo lud nego malo pametan.

što to znači? oni malo pametni su ekstremno opasniji nego oni koji su malo ludi.

Current smoking is not associated with COVID-19

European Respiratory Journal 2020 55: 2001290; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01290-2020


Despite the main complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection regard lung involvement, the prevalence of current smoking in COVID-19 patients is very low, thus questioning the role of coexisting active smoking as a risk factor for COVID-19 pneumonia

We have read with interest the paper by Leung et al. [1] recently published in the European Respiratory Journal, reporting a higher expression of the protein angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE-2) in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients with putatively important implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, since ACE-2 has been shown to be the receptor utilised by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to enter the host cell [2]. Furthermore, the authors reported that current smokers showed a higher expression of ACE-2 gene expression than non-smokers, concluding that the increased ACE-2 expression in smokers might predispose to increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection [1].

To this regard, all epidemiological data published so far reported that COVID-19 patients show a very low prevalence of smokers, with no significant association between current smoking and severe disease in COVID-19 patients [3–6].

At the University-Hospital of Padova, located in the Veneto Region, one of the areas in Italy most affected by COVID-19, between 15 March and 10 April, 2020, 132 patients were assessed in our clinic for SARS-CoV-2 related pneumonia. The analysis of patients' smoking history showed that no-one was a current smoker, with 112 patients (84.8%) who had never smoked and 20 (15.2%) who were former smokers. These data are in agreement with those from China [3–6]. Furthermore, there was no difference in the disease severity between patients who never smoked and former smokers. These data are even more striking if we consider that the percentage of current smokers in Italy and in the Veneto Region is 25.7% and 22.7%, respectively (www.epicentro.iss.it/passi/dati/fumo).

Thus, the conclusions of Leung et al. [1] to consider cigarette smoking as a severe risk factor for COVID-19 pneumonia are in contrast with the strong and consolidated epidemiological data coming from China [3–6] that have been confirmed also in our patients.

https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/55/6/2001290#ref-1

dakle, pušači duhana iz nekog još uvijek nepoznatog razloga u manjem broju završe na respiratoru nego oni covid pacijenti koji nikad nisu konzumirali duhan.

https://www.livescience.com/why-covid-19-coronavirus-deadly-for-some-people.html
[size=35]People who smoke cigarettes may be prone to severe COVID-19 infections, meaning they face a heightened risk of developing [/size]pneumonia[size=35], suffering organ damage and requiring breathing support. A study of more than 1,000 patients in China, published in the [/size]New England Journal of Medicine[size=35], illustrates this trend: 12.3% of current smokers included in the study were admitted to an ICU, were placed on a ventilator or died, as compared with 4.7% of nonsmokers. [/size]

Pirate wrote:

vuksadinare wrote:u srbiji 5000 zarazenih ili tocnije 4.994 i 24 umrla

Strasno, skoro trecina zarazenih od ukupno testiranih. 179 na respiratorima, a tek ce pravo zahladiti.

Gnječ wrote:

mutava baštarda wrote:

Gnječ wrote:

mutava baštarda wrote:

Noor wrote:

michaellcmacha wrote:https://www.index.hr/mobile/clanak.aspx?category=magazin&id=2230756

putevima krda

meni pušača nije žao. na kutiji duvana sve lijepo piše

stara kineska poslovica kaže: bolje biti malo lud nego malo pametan.

što to znači? oni malo pametni su ekstremno opasniji nego oni koji su malo ludi.

Current smoking is not associated with COVID-19

European Respiratory Journal 2020 55: 2001290; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01290-2020


Despite the main complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection regard lung involvement, the prevalence of current smoking in COVID-19 patients is very low, thus questioning the role of coexisting active smoking as a risk factor for COVID-19 pneumonia

We have read with interest the paper by Leung et al. [1] recently published in the European Respiratory Journal, reporting a higher expression of the protein angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE-2) in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients with putatively important implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, since ACE-2 has been shown to be the receptor utilised by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to enter the host cell [2]. Furthermore, the authors reported that current smokers showed a higher expression of ACE-2 gene expression than non-smokers, concluding that the increased ACE-2 expression in smokers might predispose to increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection [1].

To this regard, all epidemiological data published so far reported that COVID-19 patients show a very low prevalence of smokers, with no significant association between current smoking and severe disease in COVID-19 patients [3–6].

At the University-Hospital of Padova, located in the Veneto Region, one of the areas in Italy most affected by COVID-19, between 15 March and 10 April, 2020, 132 patients were assessed in our clinic for SARS-CoV-2 related pneumonia. The analysis of patients' smoking history showed that no-one was a current smoker, with 112 patients (84.8%) who had never smoked and 20 (15.2%) who were former smokers. These data are in agreement with those from China [3–6]. Furthermore, there was no difference in the disease severity between patients who never smoked and former smokers. These data are even more striking if we consider that the percentage of current smokers in Italy and in the Veneto Region is 25.7% and 22.7%, respectively (www.epicentro.iss.it/passi/dati/fumo).

Thus, the conclusions of Leung et al. [1] to consider cigarette smoking as a severe risk factor for COVID-19 pneumonia are in contrast with the strong and consolidated epidemiological data coming from China [3–6] that have been confirmed also in our patients.

https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/55/6/2001290#ref-1

dakle, pušači duhana iz nekog još uvijek nepoznatog razloga u manjem broju završe na respiratoru nego oni covid pacijenti koji nikad nisu konzumirali duhan.

https://www.livescience.com/why-covid-19-coronavirus-deadly-for-some-people.html
[size=48]People who smoke cigarettes may be prone to severe COVID-19 infections, meaning they face a heightened risk of developing [/size]pneumonia[size=48], suffering organ damage and requiring breathing support. A study of more than 1,000 patients in China, published in the [/size]New England Journal of Medicine[size=48], illustrates this trend: 12.3% of current smokers included in the study were admitted to an ICU, were placed on a ventilator or died, as compared with 4.7% of nonsmokers. [/size]

While there several health benefits that accrue from smoking cessation, recent press reports seem to suggest that smokers are somehow protected from COVID-19.

Indeed, early reports from China on the clinical characteristics of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 found that the proportion of smokers was less than expected based on the estimated prevalence of smoking in the country which is 27.7%.2 For instance, in one study, the proportion of smokers was found to be considerably less than the average at 1.4%3 and while higher at 7% in another study,4 this was still lower than the average. Since these early reports from China, several other studies from different countries have also demonstrated that a lower than expected number of smokers have been hospitalised with COVID-19.

In a study of those hospitalised with COVID-19 in New York, the prevalence of smokers was 5.1%5 which is less than half of the most recent estimate of the overall US smoking prevalence of 13.7%.6 Similarly, a retrospective analysis of 441 patients admitted to a hospital in northern Italy, found that less than 5% of patients were smokers, compared to an estimated age-adjusted prevalence of 14.9%.7 In a study of 340 patients in a French university hospital, it was found that 6.1% of patients were smokers compared to a population rate of 25.4%.8 Finally, in a yet to be peer-reviewed meta-analysis of available studies, Spanish researchers calculated that smokers were statistically less likely (odds ratio = 0.18, 95% CI 0.14 – 0.23) to be hospitalised for COVID-19

But are these observations simply a fluke or is there a plausible explanation that could account for the reduced incidence of COVID-19 among smokers?

One hypothesis proposes that it is nicotine which provides a degree of protection against the virus. This is based on an observation in 1990, that acute nicotine inhalation can increase both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and that this effect is mediated via an increase in angiotensin converting enzyme activity. In addition, other work has shown how the nicotine-induced rise in the level of ACE is also associated with a downregulation of the level of ACE-211 which is now considered to be a functional receptor for COVID-19 entry into cells. Other work has shown that nicotine is able to activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on immune cells and that this effect leads to an inhibition of the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and protects against acute inflammation in lung tissue.

While this appears to represent a rationale for how nicotine may be protective against COVID-19, other and more recent work published as a research letter to the European Respiratory Journal, found that in both smokers and those with COPD, there was an increased airway expression of ACE-2. The authors concluded that this offered a possible explanation as to why those with COPD are at an increased risk of infection but the data effectively countered the potentially protective role of nicotine. In an effort to untangle the association between smoking and COVID-19, an as yet non-peer reviewed analysis of 67 observational studies conducted in several different studies concluded that there is substantial uncertainty about the associations between smoking and COVID-19 outcomes.

Moreover, an evidence review by Healthcare Improvement Scotland, also concluded that there is no significant association between smoking and severe disease.16 In contrast, the most recent meta-analysis of 19 peer-reviewed papers that included 11,590 patients concluded that smoking is a risk factor for the progression of COVID-19, with smokers having a higher odds of COVID-19 progression.

https://hospitalhealthcare.com/covid-19/are-smokers-protected-from-covid-19/

vili40 wrote:

Eroo wrote:

vuksadinare wrote:u srbiji 5000 zarazenih ili tocnije 4.994 i 24 umrla

Kasne. Lova u EU je već podijeljena.
Viš šta ti znači imati pravovremeno pravu  informaciju.

što će nam lova kad nemamo mozga i kad smo pokvareni?Kako ono vele,da nas treba same naučiti loviti ribu a ne da nas stalno netko hrani?I na kraju tu lovu običan čovjek neće ni osjetiti kad ovi prosipaju i ne rade ništa pametno.

mutava baštarda wrote:

Gnječ wrote:

mutava baštarda wrote:

Gnječ wrote:

mutava baštarda wrote:

Noor wrote:

michaellcmacha wrote:https://www.index.hr/mobile/clanak.aspx?category=magazin&id=2230756

putevima krda

meni pušača nije žao. na kutiji duvana sve lijepo piše

stara kineska poslovica kaže: bolje biti malo lud nego malo pametan.

što to znači? oni malo pametni su ekstremno opasniji nego oni koji su malo ludi.

Current smoking is not associated with COVID-19

European Respiratory Journal 2020 55: 2001290; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01290-2020


Despite the main complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection regard lung involvement, the prevalence of current smoking in COVID-19 patients is very low, thus questioning the role of coexisting active smoking as a risk factor for COVID-19 pneumonia

We have read with interest the paper by Leung et al. [1] recently published in the European Respiratory Journal, reporting a higher expression of the protein angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE-2) in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients with putatively important implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, since ACE-2 has been shown to be the receptor utilised by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to enter the host cell [2]. Furthermore, the authors reported that current smokers showed a higher expression of ACE-2 gene expression than non-smokers, concluding that the increased ACE-2 expression in smokers might predispose to increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection [1].

To this regard, all epidemiological data published so far reported that COVID-19 patients show a very low prevalence of smokers, with no significant association between current smoking and severe disease in COVID-19 patients [3–6].

At the University-Hospital of Padova, located in the Veneto Region, one of the areas in Italy most affected by COVID-19, between 15 March and 10 April, 2020, 132 patients were assessed in our clinic for SARS-CoV-2 related pneumonia. The analysis of patients' smoking history showed that no-one was a current smoker, with 112 patients (84.8%) who had never smoked and 20 (15.2%) who were former smokers. These data are in agreement with those from China [3–6]. Furthermore, there was no difference in the disease severity between patients who never smoked and former smokers. These data are even more striking if we consider that the percentage of current smokers in Italy and in the Veneto Region is 25.7% and 22.7%, respectively (www.epicentro.iss.it/passi/dati/fumo).

Thus, the conclusions of Leung et al. [1] to consider cigarette smoking as a severe risk factor for COVID-19 pneumonia are in contrast with the strong and consolidated epidemiological data coming from China [3–6] that have been confirmed also in our patients.

https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/55/6/2001290#ref-1

dakle, pušači duhana iz nekog još uvijek nepoznatog razloga u manjem broju završe na respiratoru nego oni covid pacijenti koji nikad nisu konzumirali duhan.

https://www.livescience.com/why-covid-19-coronavirus-deadly-for-some-people.html
[size=48]People who smoke cigarettes may be prone to severe COVID-19 infections, meaning they face a heightened risk of developing [/size]pneumonia[size=48], suffering organ damage and requiring breathing support. A study of more than 1,000 patients in China, published in the [/size]New England Journal of Medicine[size=48], illustrates this trend: 12.3% of current smokers included in the study were admitted to an ICU, were placed on a ventilator or died, as compared with 4.7% of nonsmokers. [/size]

While there several health benefits that accrue from smoking cessation, recent press reports seem to suggest that smokers are somehow protected from COVID-19.

Indeed, early reports from China on the clinical characteristics of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 found that the proportion of smokers was less than expected based on the estimated prevalence of smoking in the country which is 27.7%.2 For instance, in one study, the proportion of smokers was found to be considerably less than the average at 1.4%3 and while higher at 7% in another study,4 this was still lower than the average. Since these early reports from China, several other studies from different countries have also demonstrated that a lower than expected number of smokers have been hospitalised with COVID-19.

In a study of those hospitalised with COVID-19 in New York, the prevalence of smokers was 5.1%5 which is less than half of the most recent estimate of the overall US smoking prevalence of 13.7%.6 Similarly, a retrospective analysis of 441 patients admitted to a hospital in northern Italy, found that less than 5% of patients were smokers, compared to an estimated age-adjusted prevalence of 14.9%.7 In a study of 340 patients in a French university hospital, it was found that 6.1% of patients were smokers compared to a population rate of 25.4%.8 Finally, in a yet to be peer-reviewed meta-analysis of available studies, Spanish researchers calculated that smokers were statistically less likely (odds ratio = 0.18, 95% CI 0.14 – 0.23) to be hospitalised for COVID-19

But are these observations simply a fluke or is there a plausible explanation that could account for the reduced incidence of COVID-19 among smokers?

One hypothesis proposes that it is nicotine which provides a degree of protection against the virus. This is based on an observation in 1990, that acute nicotine inhalation can increase both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and that this effect is mediated via an increase in angiotensin converting enzyme activity. In addition, other work has shown how the nicotine-induced rise in the level of ACE is also associated with a downregulation of the level of ACE-211 which is now considered to be a functional receptor for COVID-19 entry into cells. Other work has shown that nicotine is able to activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on immune cells and that this effect leads to an inhibition of the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and protects against acute inflammation in lung tissue.

While this appears to represent a rationale for how nicotine may be protective against COVID-19, other and more recent work published as a research letter to the European Respiratory Journal, found that in both smokers and those with COPD, there was an increased airway expression of ACE-2. The authors concluded that this offered a possible explanation as to why those with COPD are at an increased risk of infection but the data effectively countered the potentially protective role of nicotine. In an effort to untangle the association between smoking and COVID-19, an as yet non-peer reviewed analysis of 67 observational studies conducted in several different studies concluded that there is substantial uncertainty about the associations between smoking and COVID-19 outcomes.

Moreover, an evidence review by Healthcare Improvement Scotland, also concluded that there is no significant association between smoking and severe disease.16 In contrast, the most recent meta-analysis of 19 peer-reviewed papers that included 11,590 patients concluded that smoking is a risk factor for the progression of COVID-19, with smokers having a higher odds of COVID-19 progression.

https://hospitalhealthcare.com/covid-19/are-smokers-protected-from-covid-19/

veliš :"
stara kineska poslovica kaže: bolje biti malo lud nego malo pametan."


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